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Encryption and Cryptography
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| PGP
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| Cracking Encryption
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| Encryption Algorithms
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Yahoo.com
- Federal Information Processing Standard
NIST.gov Crypto ToolKit
nist.gov/aes AES
iacr.org International Association for Cryptologic Research
www.cryptography.com
ScramDisk.clara.net PGP-DH-RSA
docstore.mik.ua Algorithms used by ssh1/ssh2
EncryptionandDecryption.com crypto glossary
pgp.com pgp glossary
rsa.com glossary
x5.net
mycrypt.net Encryption Algorithms
emailprivacy.info crypto faq
- Asymmetric Algorithm == public key cryptography with private and public keys
AES = Advanced Encryption Standard
nist.gov/aes AES
csrc.nist.gov Nov 2001 FIPS-197 = AES
csrc.nist.gov AES
- AES was developed by two Belgian cryptologists, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen
- designed to replace DES
- uses 128, 192, or 256bit encryption key
- aes-128
- aes-192
- aes-256
Blowfish ( block cipher )
Twofish
CounterPaine.com twofish
- Bruce Schneier, J. Kelsey, D. Whiting, D. Wagner, C. Hall, and N. Ferguson
- 128, 192, or 256 bits
- SSH-2 specifies 256-bit keys
- opensource
CAMELLIA
isl.ntt.co.jp Camellia ( block cipher )
- Camellia RFC 3713
- Camellia RFC 4312
- Camellia is a symmetric cipher with a Feistel structure
- uses 128, 192, or 256bit encryption key
- Camellia-128
- Camellia-198
- Camellia-256
CAST = Carlisle Adams and Stafford Tavares
- patented by Entrust
- CAST-128 aka cast-5 40-128 bit key, described in RFC-2144 and is royalty free, used by ssh2
- CAST-256 aka cast-6 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 bit key, described in RFC-2612 and is royalty free
DSA = Digital Signature Algorithm
- can only be used for signing
- DSA is a public-key algorithm, based on the Schnorr and ElGamal methods
DH = Diffie-Helman
- Original public-key system by Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman, Ralph Merkle
- patented in 1977 and expired now
DES = Data Encryption Standard ( block cipher )
- started as Lucifer at IBM Research
- patented by IBM in 70's
- part of FIPS publication 46 (USA Federal Information Processing Standards ) in 1977
- developed by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1977
- 56-bit key size is too small for todays machines
- DES algorithm is designed to encipher and decipher 64 bit blocks of data using a 56 bit key
Trpiple-DES = 3DES
csrc.nist.gov 800-20
- encrypts data 3x with DES algorithm
- 168 bit key but security is limited to 112 bits due to known exploits
DSS = Digital Signature Standard
DSA = Digital Signature Algorithm
- DSA was proposed by NIST.gov in August 1991 as part of DSS
- ElGamal is an example
ElGamal
- ElGamal is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm
IDEA = International Data Encryption Algorithm ( block cipher )
ascom.ch
- patented algorithm and trademarked by ascom.ch
MARS = ( symmetric block cipher )
RC4 = ArcFour
- designed by Ron Rivest
- up to 2048 bit key
- RC4 is trademarked by RSADSI ( RSA Data Security, Inc )
- RC2 by Ron Rivest
- RC5 by Ron Rivest
- RC6 designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin for AES
RSA = Rivest-Shamir-Adleman
RSA.com
wikipedia.org RSA
- by Rivest-Shamir-Adleman ( Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, Len Adleman )
- ANSI X9.31
- patented algorithm for signing and encrypting data
rsa.com How large of a key size
- 1024 bits for corporate use
- 2048 bits for certificate authority
- RSA-E can only be used for encryption .. but is deprecated by rfc4880
- RSA-S can only be used for signing .. but is deprecated by rfc4880
rsa.com Factoring Challenge
Distributed.net RSA's RC5 72bit cipher challenge
JavaMex.com RSA Keylengths
- RSA-129 ( 426 bit key ) was factored in Mar 1994 after 8 months
- RSA-155 ( 512 bit key ) was factored in Aug 1999 after 7 months on 300 PCs
- RSA-512
- RSA-640 ( 640 bit key ) was factored in 2005 in 350 cpu hrs ( 80 2.2Ghz opterons )
Seal == Software-optimized Encryption Algorithm 1993 ( stream cipher )
- Rogaway and Coppersmith
- 160 bit key for encryption
SEED
- Used by KISA == Korean Information Security Agency
Serpebt
- Serpent
- designed by Ross Anderson, Eli Biham and Lars Knudse
SkipJack
csrc.nist.gov SkipJack.pdf
csrc.nist.gov 800-17
ietf.org RFC 2773 Encryption using KEA and SkipJack
cryptome.org
- Skipjack was "Type 1" algorithm and declassified by NSA on June 23, 1998
- encrypts and decrypts data in 64-bit blocks, using an 80-bit key
- Skipjack encrypts 32 times unlike 3x for Triple-DES
- Used in Clipper Chip and Fortezza PC card, but these have a "backdoor"
- LEAF == Law Enforcement Access Field as part of Escrowed Encryption Standard
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| Hash Functions
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docstore.mik.ua Algorithms used by ssh1/ssh2
crc-32 = Cyclic Redundancy Check
MD5 = Message Digest algorithm number 5
SHA-1 = Secure Hash Algorithm per FIPS PUB 180-1
wikipedia.org SHA
csrc.nist.gov SHA
- designed by the NSA and NIST - Fips 180-1
- produces 160bit hash
- SHA-128
- SHA-224
- SHA-256 - aka sha2 = 32bit words
- SHA-384
- SHA-512 - aka sha2 = 64bot wprlds
RIPEMD-160 = the RIPE Message Digest
esat.kuleuven.ac.be
- developed by Hans Dobbertin, Antoon Bosselaers, and Bart Preneel as part of the European Community RIPE project
- produces 160bit hash
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